{"id":124001,"date":"2026-08-18T15:21:48","date_gmt":"2026-08-18T13:21:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ffos.unios.hr\/?page_id=124001"},"modified":"2026-08-18T15:23:16","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T13:23:16","slug":"guidelines-for-writing-seminar-papers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ffos.unios.hr\/en\/department-of-information-sciences\/students\/guidelines-for-writing-seminar-papers\/","title":{"rendered":"Guidelines for Writing Seminar Papers"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>The guidelines can also be downloaded in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ffos.unios.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/APA-upute.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PDF format<\/a>.<\/h4>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>PART I<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><br \/>\nSTRUCTURE OF A SEMINAR PAPER<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>\n<p><strong>1. Title page<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The unnumbered title page should contain the following information:<br \/>\n&#8211; The upper left corner should contain the name of the university, faculty, department, course, the instructor\u2019s title, first and last name, and the student\u2019s first and last name, in 14-point font.<br \/>\n&#8211; The title of the paper should be written in bold, centred, in 16-point font.<br \/>\n&#8211; The type of paper (e.g. seminar paper) should be stated below the title, centred, in 14-point font.<br \/>\n&#8211; At the bottom of the title page, the place, month and year in which the paper was written should be stated, centred, in 14-point font.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Table of contents<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A separate page entitled &#8216;Table of Contents&#8217; should contain a list of the titles of all chapters and subchapters in the paper, as well as the page number on which each chapter begins, in 12-point font.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Abstract and keywords<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The abstract and keywords should be provided on a separate page and should not be numbered. The abstract should contain 200 to 250 words and should be written in a single paragraph, in the third person and passive voice. No citations should be included. The abstract is a concise overview of the entire paper and should contain the most important information about it. The aim and purpose of the paper should be stated first, followed by an explanation of the theoretical and methodological approach to the topic. If the paper presents research, the selected methods and research sample should be stated. Finally, the main result and contribution of the paper should be presented.<\/p>\n<p>Below the abstract, 3 to 5 keywords should be listed. Keywords are terms that best describe the content of the paper. They are usually derived from the title and abstract of the paper.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Text of the seminar paper<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>&#8211; length<\/em><br \/>\n5-6 standard pages of text &#8211; first year of undergraduate study<br \/>\n7-12 standard pages of text &#8211; second year of undergraduate study<br \/>\n12-20 standard pages of text \u2013 third year of undergraduate study<br \/>\n15-20 standard pages of text \u2013 first and second year of graduate study<br \/>\nor according to the instructions of the course instructor.<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8211; text formatting<\/em><br \/>\nThe seminar paper should be paginated. Times New Roman, 12-point font, 1.5 line spacing and justified alignment are recommended for the text. For the titles of sections and chapters, uppercase letters in 14-point font are recommended. Each paragraph, except the first paragraph in a chapter, should be indented using the tab key.<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8211; formatting tables and figures within the text<\/em><br \/>\nTables and figures within the text should be numbered in the order in which they appear. Each table and figure should be described in such a way that it can be understood outside the context of the text. Table captions should appear above the table, while figure captions should appear below the figure. Terms such as graph, chart, photograph, scheme, diagram, etc. should be avoided and the term &#8216;figure&#8217; should be used instead, while the type should be specified in the caption.<br \/>\nGood example:<br \/>\nFigure 1. Photograph of the Library of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Osijek.<br \/>\nBad example:<br \/>\nPhotograph 1. Library of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Osijek<br \/>\nIn the part of the text referring to a particular table or figure, the relevant table or figure should be indicated in parentheses. E.g. (Figure 1) or (see Table 2).<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8211; style and manner of writing<\/em><br \/>\nThe paper must be written in standard Croatian, without spelling, grammatical or typographical errors. Professional terminology acquired during the course of study should be used. The paper should be written in the third person and passive voice, avoiding a personal writing style, especially the first person singular and plural, as well as slang. All quotations should be given in Croatian regardless of the language of the original, unless the instructor explicitly requires otherwise.<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8211; text structure<\/em><br \/>\nThe paper must contain all elements of an academic and professional paper:<\/p>\n<p>Preface \u2013 is not a mandatory part of the paper and is used if, for some reason, it is important to explain the structure of the paper, the approach to the topic or limitations encountered during its preparation.<\/p>\n<p>Introduction \u2013 the purpose of the introduction is to &#8216;introduce&#8217; the topic of the paper. The field of research or topic of the paper and its importance should be briefly described. The introduction must be clearly connected with the sections that follow. It is numbered.<\/p>\n<p>Development of the topic through chapters and subchapters \u2013 chapters and subchapters must be numbered and divided in a logical and clear manner, with their content following on from one another. For a section of the paper to be designated as a separate chapter, it must contain at least two standard pages of text.<\/p>\n<p>If the paper presents research, it must also contain the following chapters or subchapters:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Aim and purpose of the research \u2013 describes what the research sought to determine and states the research questions and initial assumptions (hypotheses).<\/li>\n<li>Methods \u2013 describes the selected research methods, the manner in which the research was conducted and the sample.<\/li>\n<li>Results \u2013 presents the results obtained through the research.<\/li>\n<li>Discussion \u2013 explains the results obtained and their significance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<p>Conclusion \u2013 the conclusion presents the main findings and results reached in the paper and indicates possibilities for further research into the topic. Citations should be avoided in the conclusion. The conclusion must be sufficiently extensive, at least one standard page of text. It should be written clearly and comprehensibly, independently of reading the rest of the text. Reference list \u2013 the conclusion is followed by a list of the sources used. Detailed instructions for listing references are provided in Section 5. Reference List.<\/p>\n<p>Appendices \u2013 if necessary, figures, additional tables, questionnaires, interview transcripts, etc. should be included at the end of the paper on a separate page entitled Appendices.<\/p>\n<p>A seminar paper sent by e-mail must not exceed 500 kB.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. Reference list<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Number of sources that must be cited in the paper (directly or indirectly):<\/p>\n<p>3 citations from different sources &#8211; first year of undergraduate study<br \/>\n5 citations from different sources \u2013 second year of undergraduate study<br \/>\n10 citations from different sources \u2013 third year of undergraduate study and graduate study<br \/>\nor according to the instructions of the course instructor.<\/p>\n<p>Published literature should primarily be used and cited when writing a seminar paper. <strong>Lectures or PowerPoint presentations<\/strong> should be avoided.<\/p>\n<p>The sources used should be listed on the final paginated page. Online and printed sources should not be separated in the reference list. References should be listed according to the citation rules provided below.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">PART II<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>CITATION GUIDELINES<\/strong><\/h4>\n<div>When writing final and graduate theses, as well as all other forms of professional and assessed academic papers, it is necessary to correctly cite and reference the literature used. Standardised referencing styles are used to identify sources of information used in a paper. Around one hundred referencing styles have been developed, and the <strong>APA style (7th ed.)<\/strong> is presented here. APA is an acronym for the American Psychological Association.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>There are two main parts of referencing: (i) in-text citation, which indicates the sources of information used in the text, and (ii) the reference list, which contains details of everything cited and appears at the end of the paper.<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Every reference cited in the text must appear in the reference list, just as every reference in the reference list must be paraphrased\/cited in the text. It is essential to ensure that each reference is written IDENTICALLY in the reference list and in the text. All references are cited in the text, not in footnotes.<\/p>\n<p>If an electronic source has a DOI, then <strong>only the DOI is stated, without a link and access date<\/strong>. If a paper does not have a DOI, an access link should be provided (unless the paper was retrieved from a database).<\/p>\n<p>Rules for <strong>compiling the Reference List<\/strong> according to APA style:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The reference list must be arranged alphabetically by the authors&#8217; surnames.<\/li>\n<li>If there are several works by the same author, they should be arranged from the most recent to the oldest. If the same author published several works in the same year, lowercase letters of the alphabet should be added to the year.<\/li>\n<li>If a work has no author, it should be placed alphabetically according to the first significant word in the title.<\/li>\n<li>All cited works (books, articles, websites, etc.) must be included together in a single reference list, in alphabetical order.<\/li>\n<li>Book titles, journal titles and the titles of web documents should be written in italics (<em>italics<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li>The elements of a cited work (title, journal title, etc.) should be separated by full stops.<\/li>\n<li>Sources in the reference list are not numbered; instead, each source should be formatted with a <em>hanging<\/em> indent.<\/li>\n<li>If a source has no date, the abbreviation (n.d.) (no date) should be used in place of the year.<\/li>\n<li>If a source is in the process of publication, (in press) should be written instead of the year.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">QUOTING AND PARAPHRASING<\/h4>\n<p>When referring to the work of others, attention should be paid to how this is done in the text. A distinction is made between <strong>quoting or direct quotation<\/strong> (taking text from other sources word for word), <strong>paraphrasing<\/strong> (retelling text from other sources in one&#8217;s own words) and <strong>interpreting<\/strong> (explaining other people&#8217;s concepts, opinions, findings, conclusions and similar ideas in one&#8217;s own way, i.e. adding value to the work of others) (Tkalac Ver\u010di\u010d, Sin\u010di\u0107 \u0106ori\u0107, Polo\u0161ki Voki\u0107, 2010, p. 170). All these forms of using other people&#8217;s words, thoughts and ideas require citation of the sources from which they were taken.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Quoting (direct quotation)<\/h4>\n<p>Quotations should be used <strong>sparingly, when something needs to be emphasised in the paper<\/strong>. A quotation should be copied exactly as it appears in the original work, including any errors.<\/p>\n<p>Use direct quotations instead of paraphrasing:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>when providing an exact definition,<\/li>\n<li>when an author has expressed something in a particularly striking or concise manner.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>According to APA style, a distinction is made between a <strong>short and long quotation<\/strong>. A short quotation contains fewer than 40 words, while a long quotation contains more than 40 words.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example of a short quotation:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #d8f0e3;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">When discussing the automation of the Universal Decimal Classification, it is important to point out that \u201clibrarians (&#8230;) are aware of the importance of controlling the application of classification and express the need for a reliable system from which classification notations could be retrieved\u201d (Vukadin and Piki\u0107 Jugovi\u0107, 2025, p. 25)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>In the reference list:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Vukadin, A. i Piki\u0107 Jugovi\u0107, A. (2025). Ja\u010danje kapaciteta hrvatskih knji\u017enica za automatizaciju primjene Univerzalne decimalne klasifikacije. <em>Vjesnik bibliotekara Hrvatske<\/em>, 68(2), 1-28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30754\/vbh.68.2.1433<\/p>\n<p>Quotations of 40 words or more (or more than 5 lines of text) do not require quotation marks. The entire quotation should be indented in relation to the rest of the text. We recommend that the font be reduced in size compared with the rest of the text (by 1-2 pt). The author&#8217;s surname and year of publication are stated at the end, after the full stop that ends the quotation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example of a longer quotation (with an introductory sentence before the quotation):<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #d8f0e3;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">The authors conclude:<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">Capacities for automating the application of UDC can also be promoted through educational programmes that approach the application of UDC in the context of new technologies and introduce participants to new services, changes in the tables, etc. Educational programmes could be delivered through different media, for example by offering short video tutorials dealing with specific topics. (Vukadin and Piki\u0107 Jugovi\u0107, 2025, p. 25)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>In the reference list:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Vukadin, A. i Piki\u0107 Jugovi\u0107, A. (2025). Ja\u010danje kapaciteta hrvatskih knji\u017enica za automatizaciju primjene Univerzalne decimalne klasifikacije. <em>Vjesnik bibliotekara Hrvatske<\/em>, 68(2), 1-28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30754\/vbh.68.2.1433<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">PARAPHRASING THE WORK OF OTHER AUTHORS<\/h4>\n<h5>TWO WAYS OF INDIRECTLY CITING A REFERENCE IN THE TEXT<\/h5>\n<ol>\n<li>The first way is to state the author&#8217;s surname first and the year of publication of the work in parentheses. When citing authors who hold a high-ranking or important position, such as presidents, ministers or religious leaders, the author should first be briefly introduced in the text.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #d8f0e3;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">Bregar et al. (2020) define distance learning as an educational process in which the provider and the learners are physically separated.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>The second way is to provide the text first and then state the author&#8217;s surname and year of publication in parentheses at the end of the sentence, e.g.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #d8f0e3;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">Slovenian librarians are satisfied with and positively accept online professional development (Dornik, 2021; Dornik and Bati\u010d, 2022)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">HOW TO CITE A REFERENCE ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER OF AUTHORS<\/h4>\n<h4>Work by one or two authors<\/h4>\n<p>When a work cited in the text has one or two authors, the author&#8217;s surname and year of publication should be stated throughout the text, e.g.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #d8f0e3;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\u00fc Milas (2005) or (Milas, 2005)<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Snyder and Babins-Wagner (2013) or (Snyder and Babins-Wagner, 2013)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4><strong> <\/strong>Work by three or more authors<\/h4>\n<p>When a work has three, four or more authors, the surname of the first author should be stated in the text, followed by \u201cet al.\u201d In the reference list, all authors are listed unless the work has 21 or more authors (in which case the first 19 authors are listed, followed by (\u2026) and then the last author).<\/p>\n<p>In the text (up to 20 authors):<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #d8f0e3;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">Nguyen et al. (2019) argue that\u2026.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>In the reference list:<\/p>\n<p>Nguyen, T., Carnevale, J. J., Scholer, A. A., Miele, D. B., &amp; Fujita, K. (2019). Metamotivational knowledge of the role of high-level and low-level construal in goal-relevant task performance. <em>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology<\/em>, 117(5), 879-899. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1037\/pspa0000166<\/p>\n<p><strong>In the reference list (more than 20 authors):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pegion, K., Kirtman, B. P., Becker, E., Collins, D. C., LaJoie, E., Burgman, R., Bell, R., DelSole, R., Min, D., Zhu, Y., Li, W., Sinsky, E., Guan, H., Gottschalck, J., Metzger, E. J., Barton, N. P., Achuthavarier, D., Marshak, J., Koster, R., . . . Kim, H. (2019). The subseasonal experiment (SubX): A multimodel subseasonal prediction experiment. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100(10), 2043-2061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/BAMS-D-18-0270.1<\/p>\n<h4><strong> <\/strong>Authors with the same surname<\/h4>\n<p><strong> <\/strong>If the list includes references by one or two primary authors with the same surname, the first author&#8217;s initials should be included in all citations, even if the year of publication differs, e.g.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #d8f0e3;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<ul>\n<li>D. Luce (1959) and P. A. Luce (1972) also found that&#8230;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<ul>\n<li>M. Goldberg and Neff (1961) and M. E. Goldberg and Wurtz (1972) proposed&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4><strong> <\/strong>Parenthetical referencing<\/h4>\n<p>When several different sources are cited in the text, they should be separated by a semicolon (;), and the authors should be arranged alphabetically.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #d8f0e3;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">In information science literature, intellectual capital is generally divided into human, structural and relational capital (Bedford and Sappington, 2016; Kostagiolas, 2013; Kostagiolas and Asonitis, 2009a; Kostagiolas, 2012; Iivonen and Huotari, 2007; White, 2007c), with some minor terminological variations.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>When the reference is a work by a group of authors within a government organisation, association, etc. (corporate authorship)<\/h4>\n<p><strong> <\/strong>When the reference is a work by an organisation, e.g. the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Osijek, or when the individual authors are not visible, cite:<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #d8f0e3;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Osijek (2024)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<ul>\n<li>(Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Osijek, 2024)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>If a corporate author uses an acronym, the full name of the body should be cited together with the acronym in parentheses the first time it is cited in the text, while only the acronym should be used in subsequent citations.<\/p>\n<p>First citation:<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #d8f0e3;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<ul>\n<li>(American Library Association [ALA], 2020), or<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<ul>\n<li>American Library Association (ALA, 2020)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Second and subsequent citations:<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #d8f0e3;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<ul>\n<li>(ALA, 2020), or<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<ul>\n<li>ALA (2020)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>If, for example, the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Osijek publishes a book written by a professor, the professor is cited as the author of the book, not the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Osijek.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Secondary citation<\/h4>\n<p><strong> <\/strong>Secondary citation (or citation of a secondary source) means that the original material was not consulted, but instead the ideas of an author cited by someone else are referred to. Secondary citation should be used rarely because, as a rule, all papers should be written on the basis of original literature. When this cannot be avoided, secondary citation may be used.<\/p>\n<p>Only sources that were actually read (primary sources) should be included in the reference list, while secondary sources (those read about in the work listed as the bibliographic reference) are also mentioned in the text.<\/p>\n<p>In a secondary citation, the surname of the author of the original source and the year are stated, followed by \u201c<strong>as cited in<\/strong>\u201d and the source (surname and year) in which the cited information was found.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #d8f0e3;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">Bradford&#8217;s Law was described as early as 1934 (Bradford, 1934, as cited in Pehar, 2022)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Only Pehar is included in the reference list:<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #d8f0e3;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">Pehar, F. (2022). Bibliometrijska analiza Vjesnika bibliotekara Hrvatske: publikacijska aktivnost, autorstvo i suradnja od 1950. do 2020. <em>Vjesnik bibliotekara Hrvatske<\/em>, 65(1), 1-32. 10.30754\/vbh.65.1.950<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Reference list<\/strong> according to type of material<\/h4>\n<h4>Books<\/h4>\n<p>When citing books (monographic publications), the place of publication is not stated. For electronic books, the DOI must be stated; if there is no DOI, the URL should be provided (without the date of access) if the URL is stable. The name of the database from which the source was retrieved IS NOT STATED.<\/p>\n<p>In the reference list:<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 96px; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #d8f0e3;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100%; height: 24px;\">Crawford, W. i Gorman, M. (1995). <em>Future libraries: dreams, madness &amp; reality<\/em>. American Library Association.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100%; height: 24px;\">McGarry, K. (1993). <em>The changing context of information: an introductory analysis<\/em> (2nd ed.). Library Association Publishing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 48px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100%; height: 48px;\">Svendsen, S., i L\u00f8ber, L. (2020). <em>The big picture\/Academic writing: The one-hour guide<\/em> (3rd digital ed.). Hans Reitzel Forlag. <a href=\"https:\/\/thebigpicture-academicwriting.digi.hansreitzel.dk\/\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/thebigpicture-academicwriting.digi.hansreitzel.dk\/<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>In-text citation:<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #d8f0e3;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Crawford and Gorman (1995), McGarry (1993), Svendsen and L\u00f8ber, 2020 or<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<ul>\n<li>(Crawford and Gorman, 1995; McGarry, 1993; Svendsen and L\u00f8ber, 2020)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>Chapter in an edited volume<\/h4>\n<p>In the reference list:<\/p>\n<p>\u017dumer, M. (2011). Izazovi razvoja konceptualnog modela vezanog uz tematiku. U S. Faletar Tanackovi\u0107 i D. Hasenay (Ur.), <em>Mogu\u0107nosti suradnje u okru\u017eenju globalne informacijske infrastrukture: zbornik radova: 14. seminar Arhivi, knji\u017enice, muzeji<\/em> (str. 11-19). Hrvatsko knji\u017eni\u010darsko dru\u0161tvo.<\/p>\n<p>Arem, G. L. (2006). The effects of teaching and playing experience on ability to diagnose a motor skill. U P. Brewer &amp; Firmin, M. (Ur.) <em>Ethnographic and qualitative research in education: Proceedings of the seventeenth annual conference<\/em> (str. 1-20). Cambridge Scholars Press.<\/p>\n<p>In-text citation:<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #d8f0e3;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<ul>\n<li>\u017dumer (2011), Arem (2006), or<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<ul>\n<li>(Arem, 2006; \u017dumer, 2011)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>Edited book<\/h4>\n<p>In the reference list:<\/p>\n<p>Petr Balog, K. (Ur). (2023). <em>Spomenica Odsjeka za informacijske znanosti Filozofskog fakulteta u Osijeku: 25 godina djelovanja<\/em>. Filozofski fakultet.<\/p>\n<p>Torino, G. C., Rivera, D. P., Capodilupo, C. M., Nadal, K. L., i Sue, D. W. (Ur.). (2019). <em>Microaggression theory: Influence and implications<\/em>. John Wiley &amp; Sons. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781119466642<\/p>\n<p>In-text citation:<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #d8f0e3;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Petr Balog (2023), Torino et al. (2019), or<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<ul>\n<li>(Petr Balog, 2023; Torino et al., 2019)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>Serial publications<\/h4>\n<p>In the reference list:<\/p>\n<p>Riedner, M. B., Shay, T. i Kuni, K. (2020). Serving a forgotten population: those with Alzheimer\u2019s and &amp; other dementias. <em>The International Journal of Information, Diversity, &amp; Inclusion,<\/em> 4(1), 84\u201393. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33137\/ijidi.v4i1.32414\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33137\/ijidi.v4i1.32414<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Maestro, R., Ramos-Eclevia, M., Eclevia, C. i Fredeluces, J. (2018). Teaching diversity, becoming inclusive: perspectives and possibilities in ASEAN library and information science schools. <em>Journal of the Australian Library and Information Association<\/em>, 67(2), 96-115. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/24750158.2018.1467142\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/24750158.2018.1467142<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Carey, B. (2019, March 22). Can we get better at forgetting? <em>The New York Times.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/03\/22\/health\/memory-forgetting-psychology.html\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/03\/22\/health\/memory-forgetting-psychology.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>In-text citation:<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #d8f0e3;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Riedner et al. (2020), Maestro et al. (2018), Carey (2019), or<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<ul>\n<li>(Carey, 2019; Maestro et al., 2018; Riedner et al., 2020)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>If a journal article does not have a DOI and is part of an academic database (e.g. EBSCO, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, etc.), the reference should end with the page numbers. In this case, the reference is the same as for a printed article.<\/p>\n<h4>Laws and regulations<\/h4>\n<p>When citing the name of a law or regulation that has numerous amendments, the publisher, the date when the law or regulation was adopted, and the latest amendment to the act should be stated. Italics are not used for laws and regulations.<\/p>\n<p>In the reference list:<\/p>\n<p>Zakon o knji\u017enicama. Narodne novine, 17\/19, 36\/24. <a href=\"https:\/\/narodne-novine.nn.hr\/clanci\/sluzbeni\/2024_03_36_575.html\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/narodne-novine.nn.hr\/clanci\/sluzbeni\/2024_03_36_575.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Pravilnik o za\u0161titi, reviziji i otpisu knji\u017eni\u010dne gra\u0111e. Narodne novine, 27\/23. <a href=\"https:\/\/narodne-novine.nn.hr\/clanci\/sluzbeni\/2023_03_27_452.html\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/narodne-novine.nn.hr\/clanci\/sluzbeni\/2023_03_27_452.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>In-text citation:<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #d8f0e3;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Zakon o knji\u017enicama (NN 17\/19, 36\/24), Pravilnik o za\u0161titi, reviziji i otpisu knji\u017eni\u010dne gra\u0111e (NN 27\/23), or<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<ul>\n<li>(Pravilnik o za\u0161titi, reviziji i otpisu knji\u017eni\u010dne gra\u0111e, NN 27\/23; Zakon o knji\u017enicama, NN 17\/19, 36\/24)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>Artificial intelligence<\/h4>\n<p>When citing artificial intelligence tools, the following format is prescribed:<\/p>\n<p>Name of AI company. (day, month, year). <em>Title of conversation with AI in italics<\/em>. [description, e.g. Generative conversation with AI]. Name of tool\/model. URL of the conversation.<\/p>\n<p>In-text citation:<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #d8f0e3;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Name of AI company (year), or<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<ul>\n<li>(Name of AI company, year)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Example \u2013 suppose we asked AI to provide a list of Croatian language topics that secondary school students need to know when enrolling at university. This is how it should be cited in the reference list:<\/p>\n<p>OpenAI. (28 October 2025). <em>Popis tema iz hrvatskog jezika prije upisa na fakultet. <\/em> [Generative conversation with AI]. ChatGPT. <a href=\"https:\/\/chatgpt.com\/c\/68fcb28e-bf94-832e-bb19-25fa04c36edf\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/chatgpt.com\/c\/68fcb28e-bf94-832e-bb19-25fa04c36edf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Perplexity AI. (28 October 2025). <em>Popis tema iz hrvatskog jezika prije upisa na fakultet. <\/em> [Generative conversation with AI]. Perplexity. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.perplexity.ai\/search\/molim-popis-tema-iz-hrvatskog-dcGfeQZaRFyfQXXC2OiNwQ\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.perplexity.ai\/search\/molim-popis-tema-iz-hrvatskog-dcGfeQZaRFyfQXXC2OiNwQ<\/a><\/p>\n<p>In-text citation:<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 112px; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #d8f0e3;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100%; height: 56px;\">\n<ul>\n<li>OpenAI (2025), Perplexity AI (2025), or<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 100%; height: 56px;\">\n<ul>\n<li>(OpenAI, 2025; Perplexity AI, 2025)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>For more detailed guidelines, see <a href=\"https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/references\/examples\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/references\/examples<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><strong>IMPORTANT: Any intentional or unintentional use of someone else&#8217;s text without citing the source is considered plagiarism and is unethical and subject to penalties.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Appendix 1 \u2013 Example of a title page<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<table style=\"width: 34.0163%;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%; text-align: left;\" valign=\"top\"><span class=\"style2\">Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek<br \/>\nFaculty of Humanities and Social Sciences<br \/>\nDepartment of Information Sciences<br \/>\nCourse:<br \/>\nInstructor:<br \/>\nStudent:<\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<div align=\"center\"><strong>Title of the Paper<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div align=\"center\">Subtitle<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div align=\"center\">\n<p>Seminar Paper<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"style2\"><br \/>\nOsijek, 1 April 2025<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The guidelines can also be downloaded in PDF format. PART I STRUCTURE OF A SEMINAR PAPER 1. Title page The unnumbered title page should contain the following information: &#8211; The upper left corner should contain the name of the university, faculty, department, course, the instructor\u2019s title, first and last name, and the student\u2019s first and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":123990,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-124001","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ffos.unios.hr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/124001","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ffos.unios.hr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ffos.unios.hr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ffos.unios.hr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ffos.unios.hr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=124001"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ffos.unios.hr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/124001\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":124006,"href":"https:\/\/www.ffos.unios.hr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/124001\/revisions\/124006"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ffos.unios.hr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/123990"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ffos.unios.hr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=124001"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}